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What are the rules of war? And how do they apply to Israel's actions in Gaza?_我的网站

A |     Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。

B |     AI摘要      8月17日起，福州开通通勤快线21，连接软件园公交总站与鑫图光电。

C | 该线通过优化运力精准匹配园区员工工作日通勤需求，解决D区换乘难题，进一步完善软件园片区公共交通网络。         “通勤快线21开通后，我连续坐了几天感觉很方便。

D | ”在福州软件园D区工作的黄先生说。8月17日起，通勤快线21正式运营，服务软件园D区企业员工通勤出行。

E | 这条全新专线的落地，有效解决片区公交接驳薄弱、通勤换乘繁琐的问题，让园区员工上下班出行更加省心、便捷。    作为福州高新产业核心片区，福州软件园入驻企业持续扩容，从业人员不断增多，片区通勤出行需求稳步攀升。不少D区企业员工反映，片区直达公交较少，日常通勤需要多次换乘，耗时费力。相关出行诉求通过园区管委会、12345政务服务热线反馈后，福州公交集团即刻对接需求，启动线路调研与规划工作。    结合片区道路通行条件、员工上下班时段及客流特点，福州公交集团实地勘察、精准研判，敲定通勤快线21运营方案。本次新线开通不新增冗余运力，通过优化调整通勤快线7原有运行趟次，盘活现有公交资源，以集约高效的运力投放，精准匹配园区通勤刚需，避免公共资源浪费。    据了解，通勤快线21为工作日专属运营线路，起讫站点为软件园公交总站至鑫图光电。

F | 线路沿软件大道直行通行，路线简洁高效，沿途精准布设软件园公交总站、软件园D区路口、福榕园、鑫图光电四大站点，班次设置充分贴合企业上下班节奏，软件园公交总站每日8:35发车，鑫图光电每日18:10返程，精准适配园区员工通勤时间。    这条新通勤线的开通，进一步丰富了软件园片区公交出行体系。软件园公交总站与鲲鹏大厦站分居园区东西两侧，汇聚数十条通达市区的公交线路。此前D区员工仅依靠单一线路换乘出行，选择有限、通勤效率低。通勤快线21落地后，与原有线路形成东西双向互补的出行格局，彻底改善片区通勤条件，让员工出行选择更多元、通勤更高效。    目前，福州软件园已组建起覆盖园区全片区的通勤公交网络，多条通勤快线辐射鼓楼、晋安、仓山、闽侯等多个片区，实现与地铁、重点公交枢纽无缝接驳，构建起完善的立体化公共交通出行网络。

G | 其中，通勤快线3凭借大站快运、接驳地铁1号线的优势，服务五四北、西二环片区，稳定满足园区千余名员工的通勤需求。    通勤快线21的快速落地投用，是福州公交集团便民惠民、服务园区发展的务实举措。

H | 下一步，公交集团将持续聚焦市民出行和园区发展需求，动态优化公交线网、精细调配运力，持续提升公共交通服务品质，为园区产业发展、市民便捷出行保驾护航。

I | （记者 刘珺 通讯员 吴梦蓉）。

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